| Category | Measures | Descriptions | | Land use planning and Infrastructure | Collect points | This initiative promotes the use of specific locations for pick-up and deliveries, such as automated locker systems, parcel shops and post offices as well as mini depots. These points potentially present a more sustainable alternative for home deliveries because of three reasons. First, a 100% success rate, consolidation opportunities, and economies of scope make collect points a cost-efficient solution for the carrier. Second, concentrating logistics activities in some zones while removing them from some sensitive areas such as schools, together with the offer to consumers to pick up a parcel at a convenient time, makes that it improves the social component of e-deliveries. Third, the decrease in driven kilometers, assuming van kilometers are not substituted by pick-up kilometers, also lowers the environmental impact of the last mile. |
| Land use planning and Infrastructure | Off-street loading zones | This measure involves the use of building code regulations to ensure that new business premises provide adequate space for goods handling and storage. The objective is to develop an implementation-site and off-street areas at businesses or facilities that regularly receive freight. The establishment of common loading areas for sites that are large traffic generators or for other multi-tenant facilities may be a viable option. |
| Land use planning and Infrastructure | On-street loading zones | The measures focus on allocating adequate kerb space for parking and loading activities. Parking places and loading-zone-related strategies focus on designating and enforcing kerbside parking, reallocating kerb space, and identifying potential freight traffic parking locations. |
| Land use planning and Infrastructure | Road infrastructure | Innovative management of road space for increasing efficiency of urban distribution are promising approaches. Public authorities must invest into road infrastructures to facilitate the implementation of other measures such as modal shift or cleaner vehicles. |
| Land use planning and Infrastructure | Urban Consolidation Centres (UCC) | Urban Consolidation Centers (UCC) are facilities that seek to reduce freight traffic in a target area by consolidating cargo at a terminal. In theory, carriers that might otherwise make separate trips to the target area with relatively low load factors would instead transfer their loads to a neutral carrier that consolidates the cargo and conducts the last leg of the deliveries. UCCs serve as typical warehouses for the consolidation and bundling of goods and for the organization of last mile deliveries with smaller and cleaner vehicles (e.g. electric micro vans or cargo bikes). |
