Toolkit

Measures	Categories	Descriptions
Anti-idling	Eco-logistics awareness raising	These measures focus on the reduction of the pollution caused by idling truck engines. The most popular anti-idling technologies are fuel-operated coolant heaters, auxiliary power units, and truck stop electrification.
City Logistics Manager	Stakeholders engagement	Like the concept of the Mobility Manager, the function of City Logistics Manager (CLM) is designed to reduce demand in relation to the mobility of goods in urban areas. By implementing this new role, a good level of acceptance is expected due to the institutional function of the designated person.
Clean fuels	New technologies	Road traffic is responsible for adverse impacts on air quality in European cities. This affects the quality of life as well as the health of residents. Therefore, the reduction of pollution caused by emissions from road traffic should be a goal of each city. Several technical options, related to the vehicles are suitable such as the use of cleaner fuels like biodiesel, biogas, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or electricity.
Collect points	Land use planning and Infrastructure	This initiative promotes the use of specific locations for pick-up and deliveries, such as automated locker systems, parcel shops and post offices as well as mini depots. These points potentially present a more sustainable alternative for home deliveries because of three reasons. First, a 100% success rate, consolidation opportunities, and economies of scope make collect points a cost-efficient solution for the carrier. Second, concentrating logistics activities in some zones while removing them from some sensitive areas such as schools, together with the offer to consumers to pick up a parcel at a convenient time, makes that it improves the social component of e-deliveries. Third, the decrease in driven kilometers, assuming van kilometers are not substituted by pick-up kilometers, also lowers the environmental impact of the last mile.
Congestion pricing	Market-based measures	Congestion charging refers to variable road tolls (higher prices under congested conditions and lower prices or free passage at less congested times) established in central areas to reduce peak-period traffic volumes.
Daytime delivery restrictions	Regulatory measures	Daytime delivery restriction is part of time access restrictions. The goal is to restrict delivery vehicles from entering a certain area within a certain time during the day. The time-window area is often the city center or even a smaller part, the pedestrian area within the city center. Sometimes time-window restrictions allow delivery vehicles access for a certain time period to areas where normally no motorized vehicles are allowed, such as pedestrian areas.
Dynamic routing	New technologies	Dynamic routing systems seeks to enhance efficiency of commercial vehicle operations. The purpose is to provide routing guidance, and to implement ITS for commercial operations focused mainly on road safety, congestion reduction and securing efficient regulatory compliance. Truck routing and the decision support system are based on ITS; they require high-quality real-time traffic data, information on the road network and land use in the area.
Eco-driving	Eco-logistics awareness raising	This initiative is aimed at changing driver behavior and enhancing driver competencies to improve delivery efficiency, energy consumption, environmental impacts, and the safety of all road users. Drivers could be trained to drive in eco-friendly way that save fuel and reduce emissions, or to handle deliveries in a quiet manner so that night deliveries do not disturb neighborhoods.
Emission standard & engine-related restrictions	Regulatory measures	An emission standard is a regulatory requirement that sets limits on the amount of pollutants that can be released into the environment. Engine-related restrictions refer to regulations that impose limitations on the type of engine. These restrictions can include requirements for the use of specific fuel types, the installation of emission control devices, or the implementation of certain engine technologies, such as hybrid or electric powertrains.
Freight advisory boards	Stakeholders engagement	In general, freight advisory boards are implemented as stand-alone bodies in medium and small urban areas, with the aim of coordinating different interests and needs. The boards aim to facilitate the implementation of freight initiatives and to create communications channels between stakeholders. It requires a high degree of coordination among different actors. The freight advisor board needs to be composed of representatives of the supply chain (transport operators, shippers, retails chains, shop-owners), public authorities, experts and other stakeholders (like industry and commerce association, consumers association, residents' associations).
Freight Quality Partnerships (FQP)	Stakeholders engagement	Freight quality partnerships (FQP) are long term partnerships between urban freight stakeholders that, on a formal or informal basis, meet regularly to discuss and provide an agreement between the stakeholders to understand the issues and problems of freight transport, promoting constructive solutions to reconcile the need for access to goods and services with local concerns of social and environmental nature. This is an opportunity to achieve worthwhile results at a relatively modest cost. However, it can be difficult to gather all types of stakeholders needed.
Freight traffic flow management	Regulatory measures	The main freight traffic flow management measures are: truck routes and restricted multi-use lanes.
Green freight programs	Stakeholders engagement	Green freight programs aimed at improving the environmental performance, through fuel efficiency and emissions reductions, by encouraging the freight sector to act in this way. The purpose is to guide stakeholders on the track towards green logistics and recognize their initiatives.
Green public procurement	New technologies	Public authorities are major consumers. By using their purchasing power to choose environmentally friendly goods, services and works, they can make an important contribution to sustainable consumption and production - what we call Green Public Procurement (GPP) or green purchasing. Therefore, this initiative can be pursued by theses authorities.
Incentives & subsidies	Market-based measures	Incentives are designed to encourage more sustainable and energy-efficient urban freight transport by offering economic (or access) advantages to operators and/or shippers. Incentives may be economic (e.g. offered when purchasing electric or low emission vehicles) or competitive (e.g. rewarding those operators, who are in compliance with scheme requirements such as limits in relation to emissions standards, load factors, etc., with the right to access environmental zones for extended time intervals, to use reserved bus lanes, etc.).
Load restrictions	Regulatory measures	Restrictions based on the payload of a vehicle could ensure that only fully loaded vehicles (or vehicles loaded to a certain level) can access an area. Urban logistics vehicles have, on average, a low load factor. The idea is that, for example, through better consolidation by destination, the number of trucks entering and driving through a city centre can be reduced.
Low Emission Zones	Regulatory measures	A Low Emission Zone (LEZ) requires all vehicles entering the zone to comply with a specific emission standard, with the aim of reducing pollutant emissions. Emission standards are generally valid for all LEZs concerned, and exemptions are usually local or national. LEZs can also contribute to traffic reduction, but basically accelerates the shift to cleaner vehicles without discrimination in terms of user category and does not have the primary objective of reducing traffic.
Modal shift	Eco-logistics awareness raising	The aim of a modal shift program is to encourage the use of alternative modes to reduce the number of trucks and vans in the city center. To move from classic delivery solutions to environmental-friendly vehicles according to the availability of specific infrastructures
Night silent deliveries	Regulatory measures	Silent delivery at night include more efficient cargo transportation and handling, improved working environment, and effective control of noise pollution, making night deliveries possible without disturbing local residents and others.
Nighttime delivery restrictions	Regulatory measures	Nighttime delivery restriction is part of time access restrictions. The goal is to restrict delivery vehicles from entering a certain area within a certain time during the night. The time-window area is often the city center or even a smaller part, the pedestrian area within the city center. Sometimes time-window restrictions allow delivery vehicles access for a certain time period to areas where normally no motorized vehicles are allowed, such as pedestrian areas.
Noise regulations	Regulatory measures	The objective of regulations on noise is to limit noise produced by traffic at the roadside as well as inside buildings near major traffic arteries.
Off-street loading zones	Land use planning and Infrastructure	This measure involves the use of building code regulations to ensure that new business premises provide adequate space for goods handling and storage. The objective is to develop an implementation-site and off-street areas at businesses or facilities that regularly receive freight. The establishment of common loading areas for sites that are large traffic generators or for other multi-tenant facilities may be a viable option.
On-street loading zones	Land use planning and Infrastructure	The measures focus on allocating adequate kerb space for parking and loading activities. Parking places and loading-zone-related strategies focus on designating and enforcing kerbside parking, reallocating kerb space, and identifying potential freight traffic parking locations.
Packaging	New technologies	The fact that packaging materials have a direct impact on energy use, on logistics and waste production is arousing increasing concern. Package weight and volume are also important because they influence energy use for transport. Overall, existing studies highlight the need to develop packaging solutions based on alternative materials to ensure that energy is efficiently used and waste reduced. Overpackaging continues to result in overuse of materials and energy, and thus influences the impact of production and transportation processes.
Parking charges	Market-based measures	The purpose of parking pricing is to optimize the allocation of curb space among all potential users. A proper number of spaces, and the locations of the spaces allocated to freight vehicles are essential to program success. The main issue is that often cities fail to allocate enough parking places for freight activities, which results in significant parking violations and fines. Through parking charges, motorists pay directly for using parking facilities. These schemes can be established for the use of kerb space, some being based on fixed rates, others involve variable pricing schemes and are generally implemented as part of a group of strategies. The general aim is to manage freight demand to reduce freight traffic entering the city and minimizing parking dwell times.
Parking reservation system	Regulatory measures	Parking reservation systems provide drivers with real-time information on the availability of parking spaces and guide them to their destinations. Furthermore, based on parking space availability information, parking space reservation allows carriers to secure an available parking space before their arrival. Such reservation strategy has been studied to reduce traffic congestion.
Parking restrictions	Regulatory measures	Parking restrictions are intended to solve problems in areas where large vehicles are allowed to park to load or unload goods.
Peak-hour clearways	Regulatory measures	A clearway is a length of carriageway defined by clearway signs where parking is prohibited. The primary benefit of clearway operation on an arterial road is to provide extra capacity by removing kerb side parking. This provides additional capacity for peak period traffic volumes. In addition, clearways may help to contain the peak hour spreading problems concerning traffic operation due to the additional capacity being made available in the road network.
Real-time information systems	New technologies	Real-Time Information Systems are a set of technologies and strategies that can help to monitor and manage traffic based on real-time traffic information in terms of road safety, reduction of congestion, regulatory compliance and supply chain information.
Recognition & certification programs	Eco-logistics awareness raising	Recognition schemes are designed to provide recognition, guidance, and advice to road transport operators by using the power of public acknowledgement of outstanding achievements to indirectly encourage others to follow suit. Certification programs recognize participants that achieve a minimum level of performance and follow a clear path to certification.
Road infrastructure	Land use planning and Infrastructure	Innovative management of road space for increasing efficiency of urban distribution are promising approaches. Public authorities must invest into road infrastructures to facilitate the implementation of other measures such as modal shift or cleaner vehicles.
Road pricing	Market-based measures	Road pricing means that motorists pay directly for driving on a particular roadway or in a particular area. Charges can be fixed or variable according to a vehicles emission standards if the reduction of emissions is the target.
Shared parking spaces	Regulatory measures	Shared parking is a way of making more efficient use of parking facilities. It uses existing spaces intended for parking cars when the owner is not using it. Availability of parking gaps for others stems from the fact that most parking spaces are only used part time. The goal is to increase the utilization rate of infrastructures.
Staggered work hours	Eco-logistics awareness raising	This initiative aims to reduce truck demand during peak periods by distributing the receiving hours throughout the day.
Sustainable Urban Logistics Planning (SULP)	Stakeholders engagement	A Sustainable Urban Logistics Plan (SULP) is a strategic plan designed to improve the urban logistics by ensuring a better quality of life. It builds on existing planning practices and takes due consideration of integration, participation, and evaluation principles. The SULP intends to be a document which engages a maximum of stakeholders in implementing) a set of actions, for which they will be mutually responsible.
Tax allowances	Market-based measures	By contrast, tax allowances can be applied on the purchase of new vehicles (for instance, tax incentives or tax allowances for consumers who buy electric vehicles or for companies that use energy-efficient equipment).
Taxation	Market-based measures	Taxation is routinely used to raise revenues and foster behavioral changes that will lead to public benefits. Taxation can be imposed on vehicle emissions, fuel, vehicle ownership or use.
Tradable permits & mobility credits	Market-based measures	The mobility credits model establishes the total amount of acceptable emissions within a specified zone of a city and then allocates them to economic operators such as retailers and companies to enable them to purchase freight transport services that are not subject to additional access charges or restrictions.
Traffic control	New technologies	Traffic control strategies are initiatives to monitor and control traffic with signs, equipment and other devices. Among the approaches used to assist truck drivers, signs provide information about speed limit, access restrictions, loading zones and other regulations. Another type of initiative focuses on the coordination of traffic signals. In areas with heavy freight traffic, adjusting the signal timing and progression to account for the speed and reaction times of trucks could improve traffic flow.
Urban Consolidation Centres (UCC)	Land use planning and Infrastructure	Urban Consolidation Centers (UCC) are facilities that seek to reduce freight traffic in a target area by consolidating cargo at a terminal. In theory, carriers that might otherwise make separate trips to the target area with relatively low load factors would instead transfer their loads to a neutral carrier that consolidates the cargo and conducts the last leg of the deliveries. UCCs serve as typical warehouses for the consolidation and bundling of goods and for the organization of last mile deliveries with smaller and cleaner vehicles (e.g. electric micro vans or cargo bikes).